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Builds a symbolized_model from an rma.uni fit. v0.13 covers random / mixed-effects meta-analysis with optional moderators. The fitted object's yi and vi slots are treated as known (sampling variances are not parameters), and the between-study heterogeneity tau^2 appears in the variance_components tibble.

Usage

# S3 method for class 'rma.uni'
symbolize(fit, symbols = NULL, units = NULL, context = NULL, ...)

Arguments

fit

A fitted statistical model object.

symbols

Optional named character vector mapping variable names to user-supplied LaTeX symbols, e.g. c(body_mass = "W_i", temperature = "T_i").

units

Optional named character vector mapping variable names to units, e.g. c(body_mass = "g", temperature = "C").

context

Optional short character description of the model, e.g. "avian body-size location-scale model".

...

Reserved for method-specific extra arguments.

Value

A symbolized_model object.

Location-scale (rma.ls)

When the fit was created with rma(..., scale = ~ z), symbolize.rma.uni() adds a second submodel tau2 to the returned object. metafor parameterises the scale model as log(tau^2_i) = alpha_0 + alpha_1 z_{1i} + ... + alpha_q z_{qi} – log of the variance, not the SD – with coefficient family alpha. This contrasts with the SD parameterisation that brms, glmmTMB, and drmTMB use for their distributional location-scale models (log(sigma_i) = gamma_0 + gamma_k z_ki). The natural-scale reading on a metafor scale slope is therefore "tau^2_i changes multiplicatively by exp(alpha_k) per unit of z_k" – a change in the variance, not the SD. The two scales are related by alpha_k ~ 2 * gamma_k (since log(tau^2) = 2 * log(tau) + const).

References

Viechtbauer, W., & López-López, J. A. (2022). Location-scale models for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 13(6), 697-715.

Nakagawa, S., Mizuno, A., Morrison, K., Ricolfi, L., Williams, C., Drobniak, S. M., Lagisz, M., & Yang, Y. (2025). Location-scale meta-analysis and meta-regression as a tool to capture large-scale changes in biological and methodological heterogeneity: A spotlight on heteroscedasticity. Global Change Biology, 31, e70204.